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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines can be a useful tool for managing anxiety symptoms. Psychologists are trained in the use and prescription of medications. They can prescribe the right medication to minimize side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, including therapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the most popular choice of medications for treating anxiety, can take up to several weeks to work. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug that are most commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders. The most recent SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). A variety of SSRIs have been approved by the FDA to treat generalized anxiety disorder . These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa). These drugs boost serotonin levels in the brain. They may also help to increase norepinephrine and BDNF. They can be used alone or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs can have negative effects, such as stomach and nausea However, these tend to improve as the body becomes used to the medication. The precise mechanism of the SSRIs' effect on anxiety isn't well comprehended. panic anxiety disorder is believed that SSRIs inhibit the reuptake serotonin by the post-synaptic neuron and increase the amount of serotonin that is present in the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signaling across the synapse, which consequently reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression and other mental conditions that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They can be used in conjunction with psychotherapy or other types of cognitive behavior therapy, which could enhance their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive, unlike some other antidepressants. However, it is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it may cause “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to come back. If SSRIs aren't for your needs, your doctor may consider a different type of antidepressants, such as mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs can also be effective, but they are more prone to the risk of adverse side effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, including red meat, eggs, dairy, and some vegetables and fruits. If you are taking these drugs it is a wise idea to avoid these foods. In addition, it is generally recommended that you do not drink alcohol while taking SSRIs as it may make it more difficult to deal with certain adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They enhance the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a substance which inhibits nerve activity. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety disorders, and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive, and should only be used for short periods under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous when used for recreational purposes or mixed with other drugs, including alcohol. The use of medication is often the first thing people seek out when they have an anxiety disorder however they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has also been proven to reduce anxiety-related symptoms. There are a myriad of psychotherapies, however cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most well-known and effective. This type of psychotherapy teaches you how to change your thinking and behavior so that you don't feel anxious as much. Alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, clorazepate and quazepam are among the most commonly used benzodiazepines. Each one has its own set of adverse effects, although they all share similar pharmacological properties. For example, clorazepate is more effective in treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines. Likewise, lorazepam is better than quazepam. While benzodiazepines are efficient, they aren't recommended for long-term use as they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, such as an increase in heart rate as well as sweating and shaking if you abruptly stop taking the medication. The symptoms can be extremely uncomfortable and last for several weeks, but they can be slowed down by slowly reducing the medication. Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should be taken only for a brief period of time, usually not more than 4 weeks. You will need to monitor your blood pressure, heart rate and your breathing during this period to ensure that you don't have an extreme reaction. Consult your physician in the event that you are thinking of taking using a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that is used to treat anxiety symptoms. These drugs block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, preventing the hormone from triggering physical responses like heart palpitations and tremors. These drugs are usually used to treat high blood pressure and other conditions of the cardiovascular system however, they can also be prescribed for non-pharmacological use for anxiety-related disorders. If you are stressed, your body releases a chemical known as Adrenaline. This chemical signals the body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline is a beta receptor that is found in the heart and brain which causes your heart to beat faster and triggering other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are an class of drugs that is used to treat hypertension and various heart diseases, work by blocking the action of adrenaline on its binding which can help reduce the heart rate and blood pressure. Contrary to SSRIs and benzodiazepines, which require a long time to show a significant improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers work quickly. They are a good choice for those who require immediate relief from anxiety symptoms. For instance, those who have to give an address in public or travel in an airplane. They also make a great alternative for people suffering from anxiety and chronic heart issues like atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers can help reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the root causes. This is why they are typically used as part of an overall treatment program that includes counseling and lifestyle changes. However, they are an option for those who have tried other anti-anxiety drugs and do not find them to be effective or cause uncontrollable side effects. Propranolol, atenolol, as well as other beta-blockers are all available. Your doctor will decide which beta-blocker is right for you, based on your medical history and health condition. These medications can trigger side effects, such as low blood pressure or fatigue It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs), developed in the 1950s to be an antidepressant, have proven to be effective for certain depression and anxiety disorders. They aren't as frequently utilized as SSRIs or other antidepressants because of the strict dietary restrictions needed and the potential for interactions with other drugs. Some MAOIs are taken by mouth in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) come in the form of a transdermal patch applied to the skin each day. MAOIs interfere with the actions of MAO which increases the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters play an important role in sleep, mood and appetite as also in sexual function. MAOIs have an anti-anxiety effect. However, they are more likely to cause side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and come with boxed warnings for suicide. In addition to the MAOIs listed below, your doctor might prescribe other medications or treatments that can help you manage your symptoms. For example, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is usually prescribed to ease the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may also recommend a relaxation technique or other home remedies to ease your anxiety symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 as part of research into tuberculosis. It was quickly discovered that it could possess mood-enhancing properties and is regarded as the first antidepressant drug. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants don't work, as they may cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and consume foods that contain tyramine, a substance in many red meats, cheeses, shellfish, fish, as well as certain dietary supplements, it can trigger an unintentional reaction that results in high blood pressure. Symptoms of this severe reaction include nausea, throbbing headaches vomiting, and a rapid heart rate. MAOIs may also interact with other medications and cause serious side effects, like suicidal thoughts and behavior. Your doctor will discuss your dietary needs with you before prescribing MAOIs. He or she will advise you to avoid eating foods that contain tyramine while you are taking the medication. They will also provide a list of foods that are safe to eat when taking MAOIs. Using this food guide can help you avoid MAOI-related side effects.